Abstract: Aim: was to identify features of echographic imaging in patients with suspicion on nonocclusive mesenteric blood-flow disorders. Materials and methods: we analyzed ultrasound data of 50 patients with dynamic ileus (DI). Patients with severe bulging of the transverse colon and the presence of free gas in the abdominal cavity were not included into the research. All patients underwent ultrasound examination. We evaluated the functional and morphological state of small intestine and colon, celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). We also examined intraorganic blood flow in walls of small intestine and colon with the determination of the resistance index (RI) and the linear velocity of blood flow. The ultrasonic data was verified in 34 cases intraoperatively and morphologically, in 12 cases - only morphologically. Colonoscopy was performed in 4 patients whose ultrasound differential diagnosis between nonocclusive blood-flow disorders in colon walls and pseudomembranous colitis. Results: in 3 cases nonocclusive blood-flow disorder was not confirmed. Based on endoscopic and bacteriological data we revealed pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). In 1 patient with ultrasound signs of inflammatory changes in walls of the descending colon at colonoscopy revealed necrotizing ulcerative colitis and suspected circulatory problems in the intestinal wall. It was morphologically identified that 24 patients had nonocclusive blood-flow disorders in walls of the small intestine,10 patients had nonocclusive segmental infarction of small intestine and colon, in 12 patients had nonocclusive segmental infarction of colon. Conclusion: ultrasound study, conducted in dynamics, in patients with DI, reveals inflammatory and ischemic changes in walls of the small intestine and colon, which provides an abillity to choose the optimal method of treatment of these patients, in some cases predicted for the pathological process. Absolute symptoms of nonocclusion ischemia of intestine during ultrasound mode in colour doppler imaging (CDI) are: violation of diameter, lack or absence of blood flow in intraorganic walls of the affected intestine while maintaining its mesentery tissue, in a number of patients - bubbles of gas in the intestinal wall. An indirect sign of circulatory disorders of the small intestine is a complex of ultrasonic signs as an extension of its diameter with liquid contents, wall thickening by submucosal edema, mucosal folds flattening and lack of peristalsis. An indirect sign of circulatory disorders of the colon during US is identification of a fragment of the colon with thick walls layered structure haustrum smoothness, lack of blood flow in the structure of the wall in the presence of it in the mesentery When comparing ultrasound, endoscopic and morphological data, in some cases it is possible to make differential diagnosis between nonocclusive intestinal blood-flow disorder and pseudomembranous colitis.
Abstract: In patients with severe multiple trauma, posttraumatic period is often complicated by the development of polyorgan insufficiency, development of which is connected with morpho-functional changes of the liver parenchyma. Aim: was to identify dynamics of ultrasound signs of morphological and functional changes of liver in patients with multiple trauma. Materials and methods: performed analysis of ultrasound data obtained in dynamics, in 28 patients with severe multiple trauma. From the analysis, we excluded patients with blunt abdominal trauma with injury of liver. In first 2 days, 21 patients underwent surgical operations in treatment of craniocerebral trauma and trauma of musculoskeletal system. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space to exclude possibility of appearance of free liquid; also estimated condition of liver, spleen, functional and morphological condition of the gastrointestinal tract. In first days after trauma, ultrasound examination was performed 2-3 times. Color duplex scanning of vessels of liver and spleen was performed once a day or every other day for 2-3 weeks of a traumatic period. Evaluated arterial and venous blood flow of liver by measuring the linear blood flow velocity (LBFV) and resistance index (RI), portal blood flow by measurement of linear and volumetric flow rate. Results: in all patients on admission to hospital, liver and spleen sizes had normal size. On the 3rd day after the injury, was revealed an increase in the cranio-caudal liver size by 2-4 cm and increased length of spleen by 5-8 cm, which lasts for 10-20 days. During dynamical ultrasound, 8 patients with 10-20 days against a background of increasing level of bilirubin and transaminases, in addition to increasing size of liver and spleen, we marked infiltration of tissues along hepatic veins with their narrowing and along branches of the portal vein with thickness from 0,25 to 0,7 cm. We marked LBFV decreasement by portal vein to 10-13 cm/sec and a volume flow to 250-400 ml / min, increased RI by hepatic artery In 3 patients in the liver parenchyma, we revealed avascular tissue regions with decreased echogenicity, indicating the formation of ischemic regions. Conclusion: during dynamical ultrasound in patients with severe multiple trauma, on day 3 after injury, were diagnosed morphological changes in liver parenchyma with violation of its hemodynamics. Further progression of the process observed for 10-20 days from the date of trauma: the growth of intrahepatic portal hypertension, increased peripheral resistance in arteries of liver parenchyma, the appearance of ischemic areas of liver parenchyma. The totality of above ultrasonic signs of hemodynamic disorders of liver, characterize organic hepatocellular insufficiency, which is a poor prognostic sign in the development of polyorgan insufficiency. References 1. Marushhak E.A. 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